Transfer of technologies between countries and
regions would widen the choice of options at the regional level, and
economies of scale and learning will lower the costs of their adoption. |
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7.10 |
Adequate human and organizational
capacity at every stage can increase the flow, and improve the quality,
of technologies transferred within and across countries. The transfer
of environmentally sound technologies has come to be seen as a major element
of global strategies to achieve sustainable development and climate change
mitigation. The local availability of technical, business, management,
and regulatory skills can enhance the flow of international capital, helping
to promote technology transfer. Technical skills are enhanced by the creation
of competence in associated services, organizational know-how, and capacity
improvement to formulate and enforce regulations. Capacity building is
a continuous process that needs to keep up with the evolution of mitigation
options as they respond to technological and social changes.
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WGIII TAR Sections 2.4.5 & 10.3.3, & SRTT SPM |
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7.11 |
Governments through sound economic
policy and regulatory frameworks, transparency, and political stability
can create an enabling environment for private- and public-sector technology
transfers. At the macro-level, actions to consider include reform
of the legal system, protection of intellectual property rights, open
and competitive markets, reduced corruption, discouragement of restrictive
business practices, reform of export credit, political risk insurance,
reduction of tied aid, development of physical and communications infrastructure,
and improvement of macro-economic stability. At the sectoral and project
levels, actions include fuel and electricity price rationalization, energy
industry institutional reform, improving land tenure, transparent project
approval procedures, ensuring assessment of local technology needs and
social impact of technologies, cross-country R&D on innovative technologies,
and demonstration programs.
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WGIII TAR Section 10.3.3 & SRTT SPM |
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7.12 |
Networking among private and public
stakeholders, and focusing on products and techniques with multiple ancillary
benefits that meet or adapt to local development needs and priorities
foster effective technology transfer. National systems of innovation
(NSI) can help achieve this through activities such as (a) strengthening
educational institutions; (b) collection, assessment, and dissemination
of technical, commercial, financial, and legal information; (c) technology
assessment, demonstration projects, and extension services; (d) supporting
market intermediary organizations; and (e) innovative financial mechanisms.
Increasing flows of national and multilateral assistance can help to mobilize
and multiply additional financial resources, including official development
assistance, to support NSI activities.
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WGIII TAR Section 10.3.3 & SRTT SPM |
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7.13 |
For participating countries, an increasing
scale of international cooperation, such as emissions trading14
and technology transfer, will lower mitigation costs.
|
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WGIII TAR Sections 3.3-8, 7.6.3, 8.2-3, & 9.4, & WGIII TAR Box SPM-2 |
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7.14 |
A large number of studies using both top-down and bottom-up
approaches (see Box 7-1 for definitions) report on the costs of greenhouse
gas mitigation. Estimates of the costs of limiting fossil-fuel greenhouse
gas emissions vary widely and depend on choice of methodologies, underlying
assumptions, emissions scenarios, policy instruments, reporting year,
and other criteria.
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Other reports in this collection |