Looking at the dilemmas covered in previous sections, the following conclusions emerge:
Finally, a series of potential large-scale geophysical transformations that might exert a major influence on the desired level of stabilization have been identified and examined more closely in recent years. These imply thresholds that humanity might decide not to cross because the potential impacts or even the associated risks are considered to be unacceptably high. Little is know about these thresholds today. Most recent results and the implications of the possibility of such thresholds are summarized in Chapter 19 of WGII (IPCC, 2001b). Nevertheless, currently estimated danger zones are in the domain of high stabilization levels for most threshold events.
Considering the special combination of features of the climate problem listed at the beginning of this chapter, it is obvious that no once forever solution exists. Making long-term commitments in any area where retraction is possible is problematic. Making decisions that entail long-term and possibly irreversible consequences due to long delays, inertia and similar system properties is even more difficult, especially under severe uncertainties. Therefore, as emphasized in this chapter, the most promising approach to climate policy is sequential decision-making. This process involves a regular reassessment of the long-term climate risks (net damages from a given magnitude of climate change) and their management objectives (climate or GHG concentration stabilization) in the light of newly available information. Short-term strategies are then crafted so that both GHG emissions and the underlying socioeconomic processes (resource use, technologies) evolve in a direction which makes future course corrections in any direction the least expensive. The current structure of the international climate regime is formulated in this vein: the UNFCCC provides some, albeit vague, guidelines for long term stabilization objectives while short-term goals are settled in and implemented under protocols for each budget period.
The analytical tools to support the above decision-making processes need to
handle this double feature. They should provide policymakers with guidance to
set long-term targets and to formulate short-term policies and measures. Some
models take a long-term view to explore deep future impacts of climate change,
but this must not be interpreted as suggesting optimal strategies for the next
50-100-200 years. Other models explore what are the most promising near-term
policies and how to implement them. Similarly, many studies and models reviewed
in this chapter consider the world as a whole or broken down into a few regions,
at best. Others take a more detailed look at subnational and regional aspects.
They shed light on the smaller scale implications of climate change and its
management strategies, often in the context of other social concerns characterizing
the country or region. Our assessment has found a healthy diversity of DAFs
along both the long-term-short term and the global-local axes. Nevertheless,
the analytical capacity and thus quotable results are still badly missing in
most developing countries. This is probably the most severe problem to be solved
by the time the world community will prepare its next climate change assessment
report.
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