The Gulf of Mexico has a problem with hypoxia (low oxygen) during summer over an area of approximately 15,000 km2 (Turner and Rabalais, 1991; Rabalais et al., 1996). The hypoxia has been shown to be a result of excess nutrientsprimarily nitrogentransported to the Gulf from the Mississippi River basin. This basin is heavily fertilized for crop production. The causes of, and proposed solutions for, this hypoxia problem are an excellent example of a complex interaction between climate and other human stresses on natural ecosystems. Specific "lessons" from this problem include the following:
Management practices designed to reduce nitrogen losses from agricultural watershedsfrom
improved fertilizer management to the construction of wetlandswill be
strongly affected by climate (NRC, 1993). Climate change will decrease the reliability
of these practices. Increases in climate extremes almost certainly will decrease
their long-term performance.
Table 15-6: Climate change adaptation issues in North American subregions. Unique issues for certain locations also are indicated. | ||
North American Subregions |
Development Context
|
Climate Change
Adaptation Options and Challenges |
Most or all subregions |
|
|
Arctic border |
|
|
Coastal regions |
|
|
Great Lakes |
|
|
Other reports in this collection |