Adoption of opportunities including greenhouse
gas-reducing technologies and measures may require overcoming barriers
through the implementation of policy measures. |
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7.6 |
The successful implementation of greenhouse gas mitigation
options would need to overcome technical, economic, political, cultural,
social, behavioral, and/or institutional barriers that prevent the full
exploitation of the technological, economic, and social opportunities
of these mitigation options (see Figure
7-1). The potential mitigation opportunities and types of barriers
vary by region and sector, and over time. Most countries could benefit
from innovative financing, social learning and innovation, and institutional
reforms, removing barriers to trade, and poverty eradication. This is
caused by a wide variation in mitigation capacity. The poor in any country
are faced with limited opportunities to adopt technologies or change their
social behavior, particularly if they are not part of a cash economy.
Most countries could benefit from innovative financing and institutional
reform and removing barriers to trade. In the industrialized countries,
future opportunities lie primarily in removing social and behavioral barriers;
in countries with economies in transition, in price rationalization; and
in developing countries, in price rationalization, increased access to
data and information, availability of advanced technologies, financial
resources, and training and capacity building. Opportunities for any given
country, however, might be found in the removal of any combination of
barriers. |
WGIII TAR Sections 1.5 & 5.3-5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
7.7 |
National responses to climate change
can be more effective if deployed as a portfolio of policy instruments
to limit or reduce net greenhouse gas emissions. The portfolio
of national climate policy instruments may include -- according to national
circumstances -- emissions/carbon/energy taxes, tradable or non-tradable
permits, provision and/or removal of subsidies, land-use policies, deposit/refund
systems, technology or performance standards, energy mix requirements,
product bans, voluntary agreements, information campaigns, environmental
labeling, government spending and investment, and support for research
and development (R&D). The literature in general gives no preference
for any particular policy instrument. |
WGIII TAR Sections 1.5.3, 5.3-4, & 6.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
7.8 | Coordinated actions among countries and
sectors may help to reduce mitigation cost by addressing competitiveness
concerns, potential conflicts with international trade rules, and carbon
leakage. A group of countries that wants to limit its collective greenhouse
gas emissions could agree to implement well-designed international instruments.
Instruments assessed in the WGIII TAR, and being developed in the Kyoto
Protocol, are emissions trading, Joint Implementation (JI), and the Clean
Development Mechanism (CDM). Other international instruments also assessed
in the WGIII TAR include coordinated or harmonized emission/carbon/energy
taxes, an emission/carbon/energy tax, technology and product standards,
voluntary agreements with industries, direct transfers of financial resources
and technology, and coordinated creation of enabling environments such as
reduction of fossil-fuel subsidies. Some of these have been considered only
in some regions to date. |
WGIII TAR Sections 6.3-4 & 10.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
WGIII TAR Section 5.2 |
Other reports in this collection |